Senegal was holding a legislative election on Sunday, a vital test for opposition parties who are trying to minimise the ruling party’s influence before the 2024 presidential election amid fears that President Macky Sall may seek a third term.

About seven million voters are eligible to elect 165 deputies in the National Assembly amid a politically tense atmosphere in the West African nation.

Violent protests broke out last year after Mr Sall’s main opponent, Ousmane Sonko, was arrested on rape charges, and more than a dozen people were killed.

Senegal Election
People line up to cast their votes in legislative elections in Dakar, Senegal (Leo Correa/AP)

Mr Sonko, who came in third in the 2019 election, denies the allegations and his supporters have been vocal about their opposition to the president.

This year, he and another of Mr Sall’s major opponents were disqualified as candidates, which sparked more widespread anger and protests in which three people died in June.

Senegal, with a population of 17 million, is known for its stability in a region that has seen coups in three countries since 2020 and where leaders have changed laws to remain in power for third terms.

Sunday’s election will give a clearer indication of what could happen in 2024.

Political analyst Mame Ngor Ngom said: “For (the ruling party), it is a question of doing everything to maintain an absolute majority in the National Assembly in order to be able to govern quietly until 2024 … and guarding the possibility of passing certain laws to prepare for all eventualities at the end of Sall’s second term.”

Even though Mr Sonko’s candidacy was rejected by the Constitutional Council, he has organised opposition supporters across Senegal. A victory for the opposition “would be synonymous with the rejection of a possible third candidacy for Sall and a probable victory in the next presidential election”.

Mr Sall’s Benno Bokk Yakaar ruling party currently holds 75% of the legislature’s seats.

Serigne Thiam, a political science expert at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, said the opposition is pushing the subject of a possible third term over other issues.

“If the opposition wins, the president will no longer be able to think of a third term. On the other hand, if the ruling power wins the ballot, its supporters can push the president towards a third term,” he warned.

Mr Sall has not talked about a third term but has promised to speak on Monday, the day after the election.

Senegal Elections
A woman casts her vote at a polling station in Dakar, Senegal (Leo Correa/AP)

Dissatisfaction with Mr Sall has risen as possible adversaries — including the popular former mayor of Dakar, Khalifa Sall, and ex-president Abdoulaye Wade’s son Karim Wade — have been targeted by the judiciary and disqualified from running for office. Many accuse Mr Sall of using his power to eliminate opponents.

Anger has also grown amid economic worries as prices for fuel and food have rocketed due to the war in Ukraine.

Senegal’s former prime minister and head of the ruling party, Aminata Toure, appealed to the country’s youth to vote.

“The youth must participate massively in the vote in thanks to the President Macky Sall for the extraordinary work he has done for Senegal,” he declared in Kedougou in the south-east.

Interior Minister Antoine Felix Abdoulaye Diom toured polling stations around the country and declared that all the arrangements had been made for a smooth vote, despite floods in the past few weeks.